Words for Bodies of Lawmakers

Words for Bodies of Lawmakers Words for Bodies of Lawmakers Words for Bodies of Lawmakers By Mark Nichol This post talks about a variety of words utilized in English to allude to a gathering of individuals answerable for speaking to the general people and passing laws, or to relate to the room wherein they meet to do as such, or both. Get together, from Anglo-French by method of the Latin expression assimulare (â€Å"together†), is utilized in numerous states and countries to allude to an assemblage of lawmakers, generally one of two out of a bicameral, or two-house, framework. It additionally alludes when all is said in done to a social occasion. Burgess was utilized in England’s Parliament and in this manner in a portion of the British settlements in North America to allude to lawmakers. It is identified with burg and precinct, which frequently structure some portion of the name of a city or a locale of one; the term fundamentally implies â€Å"citizen.† (When the term was generally utilized, any resident of at any rate humbly prosperous standing possibly could fill in as a burgess.) The Latin cause, burgensis, transformed into the Old French word borjois, which at that point entered English as burgeis and was later spelled in its current structure. Afterward, average, the Modern French type of borjois, was obtained straightforwardly into English; it presently all things considered means individuals with traditional working class esteems. Chamber is from the Latin word for an angled rooftop, which is obtained from a Greek expression meaning â€Å"vault.† It can likewise apply to a gathering space for officials or to a judge’s office or to a banquet hall for an individual in a place of power, or any room as a rule. (The root expression of bicameral has a similar starting point, as does camera.) The word additionally applies to a fake or characteristic encased space or cavity, for example, a bit of a cave, a segment of a machine, or a fragment of a heart. What's more, it depicts a compartment for a projectile in a weapon. The word can fill in as a modifier, as in â€Å"chamber music,† or an action word depicting the activity of consuming a space. Congress, from the Latin expression congredi, which truly implies â€Å"walk together,† came to allude to a proper gathering of agents from better places. Its present sense comes from the name of the Continental Congress, went to by delegates from every one of the thirteen unique (and unmistakable) British settlements in North America. At the point when the youngster US government thusly named its bicameral administrative body, comprising of the Senate and the House of Representatives, Congress, the importance moved to allude to an assortment of agents from a similar nation or state. (Congress is likewise utilized, however once in a while, in the feeling of â€Å"a sexual union.†) Board, which gets from the Latin expression concilium, which generally implies â€Å"call with,† alludes to a gathering that decides, rules, or laws or give direction. Formal lawmaking boards as a rule are constrained in extension to purviews, for example, urban communities or towns. Diet, at last from the Greek expression diaita, which means â€Å"regimen† or â€Å"way of life,† came to allude to day by day ceremonies or commitments and afterward day by day gatherings of advisors and authorities, it despite everything is utilized as a feature of the proper name for the national council in Japan. (The utilization of the word regarding eating and nourishment has the equivalent etymological source.) Council is an augmentation of administrator, itself legitimately originating from the Latin expression legis lator, which means â€Å"one who proposes a law.† (Legis is the begetter of lawful.) The word is generally utilized conventionally to allude to an assortment of officials and is oftentimes part of such a group’s formal name. The spelling of the Old French term parlement, which means â€Å"a talk,† was modified, affected by the Latin word parliamentum, to parliament to allude to a gathering. A later feeling of a gathering told by a ruler added to the naming of England’s Parliament, its national deliberative body. Parliamentarian initially alluded to individual from Parliament’s group in the English Civil War, however in current use it relates to somebody learned about parliamentary strategy, a convention for leading proper gatherings. One term that didn’t make due into the cutting edge time is witenagemot, a compound word alluding to warning gatherings comprising of individuals from the decision class in different Anglo-Saxon realms in the early Middle Ages. The principal component is a plural type of wita, which means â€Å"wise man,† and the second piece of the word, gemot, implies â€Å"meeting.† That word is identified with debatable, wiped out as a thing and utilized once in a while as an action word yet present as a descriptor in the colloquial expression â€Å"moot point.† Moot and the second syllable of gemot are identified with meet, meeting, and met. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Has versus Had225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouWhat Is a Doctor?

The Moths Free Essays

Using Symbolism and Characterization In the short story â€Å"The Moths† by Helena Maria Viramontes, the creator utilizes imagery and portrayal to paint the area of a young lady in an artistic fiction that has lost her direction and winds up ending up inside her Grandmother through the patterns of life.Through the eyes of an anonymous young lady we remember a past that has both a horrible consummation and another rope on life; in any case, we don't arrive without first being demonstrated the way, enter â€Å"The Moths†. The writer uses far edges of the light range to imply beginnings and endings by painting a distinctive picture for the peruser: â€Å"There comes when the sun is insubordinate. We will compose a custom paper test on The Moths or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Pretty much when mind-sets change, unavoidable periods of a day, advances starting with one shading then onto the next, that hour or moment or second when the sun is at long last vanquished, at long last sinks into the acknowledgment that it can't with all its capacity to mend or consume, exist everlastingly, there comes a brightening where the sun and earth meet, a last explosion of consuming red orange anger advising us that despite the fact that endings are inescapable, they are vital for resurrections, and when the opportunity arrived, exactly when I turned on the light in the kitchen to open Abuelita’s soup, it was presumably then that she died† (Viramontes 4).She discloses to the peruser why the sun causes various shades of red and orange for the duration of the day, the shades themselves speak to a life expectancy of various ages, which turn various hues with the coming seasons â€Å"of the day†, rather than the year, toward the finish of that day the sun p asses on and another moon is conceived instead of that sun, and when a moon bites the dust the sun is reawakened the following day, thus goes the pattern of life. With this the storyteller additionally expresses that â€Å"endings are inevitable† thus when we take a gander at the Grandmother we definitely realize that she will kick the bucket since her end is, as the storyteller says â€Å"inevitable†.The last line in the selection is maybe the absolute most significant piece that ties the entirety of the utilization of imagery together. At the point when the storyteller turns the light on, another day has begun as a resurrection brought about by her Grandmothers demise the moon in the story isn't as present as the sun, be that as it may, we realize that the Grandmother’s name is â€Å"Luna†, which interpreted in the storytellers local tongue of Spanish is â€Å"moon†, we realize her language is Spanish as a result of the reliable utilization of Latin terms like; â€Å"Placa†, â€Å"Menudo†, or even â€Å"Heliotrope†, which is a local plant of Peru.Since the moon is the perfect inverse of the sun we can say that, in the human component of the story there is Grandma Luna which is as of now at the consummation of her â€Å"moon life† and toward the start of her resurrection towards another day as the â€Å"sun†, the light, as an image of resurrection speaking to the sun, seems once again in the story, where in the wake of her Grandmothers passing, the storyteller is viewing the moths â€Å"fluttering to light†, conveying her Grandmother’s soul to a spot were it can become reborn.I accept that the author’s deliberately picked name of â€Å"Luna† for the Grandmother was in actuality to show the peruser that our passing is unavoidable yet our resurrection as far as satisfaction is changeable.Equally significant in the story is the utilization of portrayal to show the peruser precisely who the hero in the story is and what sort of life she is living, we initially read of her sisters and how they act as opposed to the hero: â€Å" I [the narrator] wasn’t even pretty or pleasant like my more established sisters and I just couldn’t do the young lady things they could do†, the storyteller first gruffly tells the peruser that she is not the same as her sisters and afterward shows the peruser precisely how they are not the equivalent using portrayal, â€Å"My hands were too enormous to deal with the delicacies of stitching or weaving and I generally pricked my fingers or hitched my hued strings over and over while my sisters snickered and called me bull hands with their charming waterlike voices. †. With the entirety of this data we can tell that the storyteller is experiencing issues in her own way and doesn't feel good in her own body, it appears that she is all the more a kid then a young lady as indicated by the gauges set out by her mom and father. In any case, can any anyone explain why the storyteller ought to fit in with these norms? Now we definitely realize that they are rather than one another yet the explanation with respect to for what reason is profound established through one more mean, conformity.Her father is exceptionally committed to his strict convictions and needs his family to accommodate, â€Å"He would pound his hands on the table, shaking the sugar dish or spilling some espresso and shout that in the event that I didn’t go to mass each Sunday to spare my goddamn erring soul, at that point I had no motivation to leave the house, time frame. Punto last. †, the storyteller has issues with this since she wouldn't like to comply with something s he doesn't herself put stock in. The peruser realizes she feels awkward in a congregation since she says â€Å"I was separated from everyone else. I know why I had never returned† when she went to the sanctuary, along these lines we are left to the end that the storyteller has a free soul that longs to turn out to be liberated from the convictions that have been gave to her. As such she is totally different of her whole family, or so we see along these lines far.Grandma Luna is a fascinating character, she doesn't have numerous lines in the story however the introduction of her character assumes a significant job with regards to who precisely she is, the place she originated from, where she is going, yet much increasingly significant, where she is driving the storyteller. The Grandmother’s life matches that of the storyteller in the regard that at some point during her life she was likewise disobedient, â€Å"The scars on her back which were as thick as the existence lines on the palms of her hands caused me to acknowledge how little I truly knew about Abuelita†. This line is instructive to the storyteller, just because she understands that she isn't the only one in her own beliefs.She likewise needs to turn out to be free similar to her Grandmother is, â€Å"I preferred her patio since it was protected by the vines of the chayotes and I c ould get a decent glance at the individuals and vehicle traffic on Evergreen without them knowing†, she loves the yard in light of the fact that the vines are developing in and around her Grandmothers home, she additionally feels secured by the vines. We additionally realize she thinks about her Grandmother, in light of the manner in which she discusses her, â€Å"Really, I told my Ama it was just fair†. Indeed, even before her acknowledgment of Grandma Luna’s insubordination the storyteller felt a solid association with her, however observing the scars she has an extraordinary feeling of why it is that she gets along so well with her Grandmother. They are both particularly similar, and she feels â€Å"safe† around her, â€Å"I [the narrator] consistently felt her dark eye on me.It caused me to feel, in an odd kind of way, sheltered and watched and not the only one. Like God should make you feel†, the creators decision of the word â€Å"was†, reveals to us that god doesn't cause her to feel safe, rather it is her Grandmother whom she trusts in. The storyteller herself is rebellious and even insolent on occasion, anyway her disobedience isn't managed without reason; it is done as a result of her own convictions. Her mom and father have solid strict convictions and attempt to compel those convictions upon her, when she wouldn't like to adjust she fakes going to chapel and rather, heads toward her Grandmother’s home where she discovers comfort in helping her Grandmother with her day by day chores.Viramontes decides to keep the storyteller anonymous so the peruser feels like they are assuming the job of the storyteller, on the off chance that she had named her â€Å"Alice† or â€Å"Lisa†, at that point the crowd probably won't have felt a solid association with the storyteller and the message of resurrection and changing your own psychological status to accomplish a type of illumination, might not have been practiced. At long last we understand the reason for the story, it tells about the resurrection any individual can make by changing the manner in which they see the world. The storyteller saw the world fresh out of the box new without precedent for an alternate light on account of her Grandmother’s demise and ensuing resurrection through the moths, conveying her spirit to â€Å"new light†. It’s not from an exacting perspective that the storyteller is conceived once more; rather it’s all the more a psychological status change that the storyteller has experienced, and as a result of that she finds a sense of contentment with herself. The most effective method to refer to The Moths, Papers The Moths Free Essays â€Å"The Moths† is a short story by Helena Viramontes, which mirrors the existence drove by the Latin American ladies, and portrays how Chicana ladies were separated due to their sex. Ladies were abused in view of their sexual orientation from the vast majority of the associations like regal families, the congregation, authoritarian governments, and those ladies who set out to restrict these associations and observe their principles were likewise dampened. The creator additionally watches, how a women’s regenerative framework was likewise under investigation, and how ladies needed to put forth an attempt to accomplish control over their own bodies. We will compose a custom paper test on The Moths or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The story, in contrast to the title, is with respect to a young lady who needs to confront the real factors of her grandmother’s afflictions and passing. The title of the story, â€Å"The Moths,† shows how these moths help in portraying a sentiment of magic, rebirth, and which at long last become an embodiment of the grandma. The association between the moths and the significant characters in the story helps t

Older People With Stroke Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

An expected 150,000 individuals have a shot in the UK every twelvemonth ( Scots Stroke Care Audit 2005/2006 ) with a mortality of more than 67,000 ( British Heart Foundation, 2005 ) . It is the third most regular reason for expire in England and Wales, after chest infection and threatening neoplastic illness ( NHS, 2001 ) .This is in similarity with the examination distributed by World Health Organization expressing, â€Å" shot is the third most elevated reason for dreariness and mortality in the created conditions of the universe, quickly following ischaemic chest malady and dangerous sicknesses ( WHO, 2008 ) . We will compose a custom paper test on More established People With Stroke Health And Social Care Essay or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Since shots are normal and lead to critical disablement and sick wellbeing, a major extent of the NHS financial plan is spent on taking care of individuals who have endured a shot. The immediate expense of shot to the NHS is assessed to be ?2.8 billion. The expense to the more extensive financial framework is ?1.8 billion ( NHS, 2001 ) .Thus a necessities evaluation of this populace gathering may help comprehend the elaboratenesss of this issue. This task targets giving a short history of the components demonstration uponing the health of individuals who have endured shot and more distant program and warrant a wellbeing needs examination for the equivalent. It will other than attempt to flexibly a basic investigation of an important wellbeing approach and its effect on the influenced populace. Stroke: Definition and Hazard Factors The World Health Organization characterizes stroke as â€Å" a status brought about by the break of the blood gracefully to the encephalon, regularly in light of the fact that a blood vas blasts or is hindered by a coagulum. This cuts off the gracefully of O and nourishments, doing damage to the encephalon tissue † . The impacts of a shot relies upon which bit of the encephalon is harmed and how seriously it is influenced. An extremely horrendous shot can do unexpected perish ( WHO, 2008 ) . Grouped physiologic and ailments can accelerate shot. The peril variables can be classified into organic, natural, financial and social. There is much of the time a transaction of at least two factors that property to bleakness. Organic: These incorporate age, sex and familial affectability. The individual the vast majority of import factor that builds the chances of shot triple is the age of the individual ( Fisher, 2001 ) . Age People groups most at danger for shot are more seasoned adults, curiously those with high blood power per unit territory, who are inactive, meaty, smolder, or have diabetes. Rate increases exponentially with age and main part of them happen in people more established than 65 mature ages ( Fisher, 2001 ) . Wolfe, Rudd A ; Beech ( 1996 ) states that the danger of shot duplicates with each back to back decennary beyond 55 years old. More seasoned age is other than connected with higher paces of post-stroke derangement. Sex In most age bunches with the exception of more established adults, shot is more typical in work powers than in grown-up females. Be that as it may, it murders more grown-up females than work powers, regardless of social gatherings ( Fisher, 2001 ) . This might be halfway because of the way that grown-up females will in general populate longer than work powers, and shot is increasingly normal among more established adults. Ladies history for around 6 out of 10 shot expires ( NHS, 2001 ) . Race and Ethnicity In each piece various a populace in England and Wales, the minority populace, especially those having a place with the African and South Asian start, face an altogether higher peril for shot and perish from shot than the English ( Wolfe, 1996 ) . They other than have a higher commonness of beefiness, diabetes, and hypertension than different gatherings. Notwithstanding, surveies propose that financial factors other than influence these distinctions. Way of life Factors Smoke: A Peoples who smoke a contingent a twenty-four hours have around over multiple times the danger for shot as nonsmokers. Smoke augmentations both hemorrhagic and ischaemic shot danger ( Wolfe, 1996 ) . The risk for shot may remain raised for each piece long as 14 mature ages in the wake of stopping, consequently a prior quit is suggested ( NHS, 2001 ) . Diet: Unhealthy eating routine ( soaked fat, high Na ) can loan to chest infection, high blood power per unit region, and plumpness, which are all risk factors for shot ( Winter, 2001 ) . Physical Inaction: Lack of ordinary practicing can expand the risk of beefiness, diabetes, and hapless course, which increment the peril of shot. Liquor and Drug Abuse: Alcohol abuse, including blow out guzzling, builds the risk of shot. Medication abuse, particularly with cocaine or Methedrine, is a central point of shot in juvenile adults. Anabolic steroids, utilized for lifting weights and athleticss improving, other than increment shot risk. Heart and Vascular Diseases Coronary illness and shot are intently tied for some grounds. People groups who have one chest or vascular status ( high blood power per unit region, high cholesterin, chest illness, diabetes, fringe arteria ailment ) are at expanded peril for creating other related conditions ( British Heart Foundation, 2005 ) . Hypertension. High blood power per unit region ( hypertension ) adds to around 70 % everything being equal. Hypertensive individuals have up to multiple times the typical risk of shot, contingent upon the disagreeableness of the blood power per unit zone within the sight of other peril factors. Hypertension is other than an of import reason for supposed soundless scholarly infarcts, or hindrances, in the blood vass in the encephalon ( smaller than normal strokes ) that may predict significant shot. Controling blood power per unit zone is profoundly of import for stroke bar. A meta-investigation of nine planned surveies, including 420,000 people followed for 10 mature ages, found that shot peril expanded by 46 % for each 7.5-mm Hg expansion in diastolic blood power per unit zone ( Fisher,2001 ) . Atrial Fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation, a significant risk factor for shot, is a chest beat upset in which the atria ( the upper Chamberss in the chest ) beat actually quickly and nonrhythmically ( British Heart Foundation, 2005 ) . Between 2 †4 % of patients with atrial fibrillation with no history of TIA or shot will hold an ischaemic shot over the class of the twelvemonth. Of those with atrial fibrillation, the risk all around is most elevated in those more established than age 75, with chest disappointment or hypertrophied chest, coronary arteria sickness, history of coagulums, diabetes, or chest valve abnormalcies ( Winter, 2001 ) . Diabetess Coronary illness and shot are the prima reasons for perish in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes is second just to high blood power per unit region as the central peril factor for shot. The risk is most noteworthy for adults newly determined to have type 2 diabetes and patients with diabetes who are more youthful than age 55. African americans with diabetes are at much higher danger for took shots at a more youthful age ( Wolfe, 1996 ) . Diabetes is a curiously solid risk factor for ischaemic shot, potentially in light of append toing peril factors, for example, meatiness and high blood power per unit zone. Meatiness and Metabolic Syndrome Meatiness may build the peril for both ischaemic and haemorrhagic shot autonomously of other risk factors that much of the time exist together with additional weight, including diabetes, high blood power per unit territory, and undesirable cholesterin degree ( Winter, 2001 ) . Weight that is revolved around the venters ( the supposed apple structure ) has a curiously high relationship with shot, as it accomplishes for chest malady, in contrasting with trouble appropriated around hips ( pear-shape ) . Stroke being a syndromic unwellness, the health requests of those at danger and station shot subsisters are changed and need due thought. Wellbeing Needs Assessment in Stroke Survivors Wellbeing requests evaluation blending to the NHS health requests appraisal exercise manual is a methodical reappraisal of the wellbeing issues standing up to a populace taking to hold priorities and asset assignment that will better health and chop down disparities. This guarantees any activity taken limits damage to wellbeing, and may better it for those with the most to infer. In exceptional, shot is a taking reason for adult disablement ( Raina, 1998 ) . The trip of consideration for shot is of unexpected approaching, intense hospital consideration followed by recovery and come back to network populating. Of new shot subsisters, an expected 56 % go straight home after intense consideration, 32 % go to inpatient restoration, and 11 % go to since quite a while ago run consideration establishments ( NHS, 2001 ) . Stroke subsisters coming back to the network much of the time experience difficulties executing each twenty-four hours exercises like dressing, eating, and portability that can last great into the primary twelvemonth post-stroke ( Mayo, 2002 ) . It is other than ordinarily connected with psychological adjustments ( for example , 26.3 % of ischaemic shot subsisters are determined to have craziness ( Desmond, 2000 ) . Parental figures offer irreplaceable help to these people when they return place with changing degrees of physical and subjective difficulty. The evaluation of health requests, includes a blend of epidemiological examination of sickness pervasiveness, the rating of the effectivity of intercession and consideration choices, and their relative expenses and effectivity, investigation of bing movement and asset informations, and utilization of this cognizance to populaces ( Bowling, 2009 ) . Thusly orchestrating to pallant ( 2002 ) it is of import to put the ‘needs ‘ non ‘wants ‘ in order to achieve mensurable improvement from a mediation. As this includes clasp and endeavors and outcomes in significant long haul benefits for the individuals who embrace it and for the populace evaluated. Thus it has pulled in the contribution of strategy shapers, wellbeing financial master and health experts to satisfy single and populace requests to enhance asset use ( Lari A ; Gari,

American Diabetes Association - Free Essay Example

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), uncontrolled levels of blood glucose remains the basic problem in patients with diabetes (ADA 2014). To prevent complication such as neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, visual impairment, lower extremity diseases, and amputations, ADA has recommended having proper glycemic control, physical activity, medication, patient self-monitoring of blood glucose (Arlington, 2017). However, studies by Arlington (2017) shows that if self-care activities are insufficient, hyperglycemia occurs, and patients are prone to diabetic complications. My institution, Overlake Hospital has a multidisciplinary diabetes inpatient team that include, endocrinologists, diabetes specialist podiatrist, nurses, wound care specialist, dietitian and social workers. Often patients expressed their concern and fear over not being able to self-manage their condition. Lack of knowledge on how to treat, lack of understanding of proper food choices, exercise regimen and overwhelming burden of this chronic disease causes depression. Our interdisciplinary team focuses on care for each and every individuals complex need and educate, train and support them so that they feel confident in managing their own when they discharge home. While patients are in our care, it is our responsibility to look into holistic components that these patients and help meet their need.  As a mother of Type I diabetic, a nurse and a diabetic educator(volunteer) diabetes education interests me the most. For this reason, I have chosen to research on nursing theories that help guide individuals diagnosed with DM who seeks medical attention. Through my experience, I have seen that compliance with diabetes care is the biggest issue among individuals. Many theories provide guidance for nurses on how to support these patients. This paper will demonstrate Kings theory of goal attainment that can be applied to the care of the adult with DM and Dorothy Orems self-care model to improve the quality of life with these individuals. Our unit focuses on Kings theory of goal attainment. However, in my opinion, Dorothy Orems self-care model will also be equally beneficial for these individuals. This paper will explain more about these theories.

Throughout The 1960S, The Vietnam War Created Anger And

Throughout the 1960s, the Vietnam War created anger and hatred towards government officials. Some people believed that there was no good reason for the United States to go to war with Vietnam. However, the opposing side argued that one of the main reasons that factored into our involvement with the war was our obligation to stop the spread of communism. Presidents such as Lyndon B. Johnson, reiterated the domino theory that presumed that when one nation succumbed to communism, the others were likely to follow† (Campbell). Should the United States have gone to war with North Vietnam? For anti-war protesters, the obvious reason was no; however, for the majority of government officials, the answer was yes. During WW2, Japan invaded†¦show more content†¦The Viet Cong thought that by doing this, the United States would back down after seeing what kind of power they had. They also thought that after the attack was launched, South Vietnam would want nothing to do with the Americans because they couldn’t protect themselves. The bomb went off, killing two Americans and injuring 64. After this event, American officials urged a counterattack on the Vietnamese (Axelrod). The two comrades that planned and carried out the attack left the scene unharmed. On December 27, the Viet Cong raided and attacked Binh Gia, in a rural district of South Vietnam. Four days later of December 31, the Viet Cong surrounded the U.S. Fourth Marine Battalion, which had previously marched to Binh Gia to help them in their defeat. The Viet Cong inflicted heavy casualties on the U.S. (Axelrod). After these events, Ambassador Maxwell Taylor of South Vietnam recommended immediate action against North Vietnam (Axelrod). Furthermore, in 1965, North Vietnam was accused of destroying two American Navy ships docked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Because of this alleged attack, President Johnson bombed targets in North Vietnam with the help of the new Tonkin Gulf Resolution that was passed by Congress on August 7 (Boscia). The Tonkin Gulf Resolution permitted President Johnson to take any precautions he thought were necessary to protect the American people. In MarchShow MoreRelatedAn Interview For The New York Times By Philip Roth1521 Words   |  7 Pagesmore potent was the impact of the Vietnam War. That was the most shattering national event of my adulthood. A brutal war went on and on-- went on longer than even that other great milestone, World War II- and brought with it social turbulence unlike anything since the Depression.† A self-described member of the most propagandized generation†, a product of World War II rhetoric, Cold War containment, and mass media, Philip Roth viewed the turbulence of the 1960s as an overtly demythologizing decadeRead MoreEssay on Protest Songs Throughout the Vietnam War1445 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout all the anti-war protests and marches during the Vietnam War, it is interesting to note the changes in the music of that time. From the beginning of the war, where support and loyalty from Americans was present in songs, to the end of the war, where anger and distrust was evident in musical lyrics, American’s opinion changed about the war. This change in opinion was easily recognized by the altering of musical lyrics about the war when Americans grew tired of the constant sending of URead MoreAnalysis Of George Romero s Night Of The Living Dead 1702 Words   |  7 Pagesthe map and express its purpose as a symbolic disapproval of the atrocities of Vietnam, Violent racism, and the hostility towards the civil rights movement. By the late 1960’s Americans were constantly made vulnerable to the fear of the Vietnam War. The nation did not need monsters to terrify them; the unhuman horrid images in the media were already doing that. This horror was created by mankind itself. The war created negative attitudes toward death and destruction, motivating Night of the LivingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Night Of The Living Dead 1512 Words   |  7 Pages 1968 was the year that North Vietnam launched the Tet Offensive against the United States and South Vietnam, the year that Martin Luther King JR and Robert Kennedy were assassinated, the year that started student protests and riots, the year that Black Power salute occurred and finally, the year that Night of the Living Dead came out. You may be wondering why a film would have anything to do with these historic events that occurred in 1968. Well, Night of the Living Dead is a zombie horrorRead MoreThe Vietnam War During The 20th Century Essay2391 Words   |  10 PagesVietnam War occurred in the 20th century was the longest war in the American history, aimed to stop the spread of the Communism of South East Asian . The United States had involved in the conflict in Vietnam as the global superpower following it triumph over the Axis forces in the Second World War, but left Vietnam with a mortifying lost, with a high level of casualty . The perennial and most grievous war created long-term aftermath and impacts on most perspectives of the American life from militaryRead MoreEssay on Rhetoric of Protest Songs1442 Words   |  6 Pagesis The Cutty Wren from the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 against feudal oppression, nearly six hundred years ago (Songs of Work and Protest 9). Protest music has developed over the years and has made its presence in history. The protest music of Vietnam War is the concentration of this paper. The two main artists of focus are Bob Dylan and John Lennon. Their songs will be analyzed and criticized naritively. Bob Dylan was one of the most influential musicians of the time. Dylan was born in the fineRead More The Influence of Protest Music during the 1960’s And Beyond Essay examples3816 Words   |  16 PagesThe 1960’s was one of the most controversial decades in American history because of not only the Vietnam War, but there was an outbreak of protests involving civil and social conditions all across college campuses. These protests have been taken to the extent where people either have died or have been seriously injured. However, during the 1960’s, America saw a popular form of art known as protest music, which responded to the social turmoil of that era, from the civil rights movement to the war inRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Womens Liberation Movement Essay examples2309 Words   |  10 PagesHistory of Civil Rights Movement The 1960s brought about changes economically and socially. The Civil Rights Movement was alive and moving. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s goal was to hopefully put an end to racial discrimination and to restore voting rights in the South. Clearly the 60s was not the beginning of the fight for civil rights in America. The 18th century in the United State was plagued by hatred, racism and slavery. Slavery affected the entire nation. Slavery destroyed familiesRead MoreTelevision Has Made A Major Impact On Today s Society1922 Words   |  8 Pagessociety and everywhere you go you see people watching television. The first successful television set was made in San Francisco, September 7, 1927 by a twenty-one year old inventor named, Philo Taylor Farnsworth(TV History). Farnsworth struggled a lot throughout his life and after many legal battles, Farnsworth died in debt from lawsuits in 1971(Philo T. Farnsworth). Almost ninety years later, a common family tradition is sitting a round the television set, watching the hit shows of the day. This traditionRead More War Protest Songs Essays4092 Words   |  17 PagesWar Protest Songs War, what is it good for? Some would say absolutely nothing. This is the recurring theme in protest songs from the 1960’s through present day. This essay will show by comparing and contrasting songs from the Viet Nam era with the present day songs protesting war and the senselessness of going to war. The end result invariably is death for both sides. All of the songs, regardless of the setting and time focus on senseless death. The songs of the 60’s contained lyrics which

Notes On The Messiah And The Psalms By Richard P. Belcher Jr.

Introduction This forum post presents the Christological Approach to the Psalms and then describes the five major categories of Psalms relating to Jesus the Messiah: the (1) Royal Psalms, (2) Typological – Prophetic Psalms, (3) Prophetic – Typological Psalms, (4) Prophetic – Messianic Psalms, and (5) Eschatological Psalms. Christological Approach to the Psalms The Christological Approach to the Psalms is presented and described by Richard P. Belcher Jr. in his book The Messiah and the Psalms: Preaching Christ from all the Psalms. The Christological Approach to the Psalms is based on the hermeneutical principle Jesus taught in Luke 24:26-27, 44-47. Jesus, following his resurrection, was walking with two disciples and explained to them â€Å"These are My words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things which are written about Me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled† (Luke 24:44). The principle is that all the Old Testament can be viewed as relating to Jesus not just those passages that directly address Jesus as Messiah. Given the Christological Approach to the Psalms, the five categories of the Psalms can be discerned. The information on the five categories of Psalms is summarized from materials presented by Dr. Gary Yates. Royal Psalms A Royal Psalm is about the historical king of that day but these Psalms also point to Jesus the Messiah. As a result, Royal Psalms are indirectly Messianic. According C. Hassell Bullock

Modern Social Auditing and Assurance Services

Question: Discuss about the Modern Social Auditing and Assurance Services. Answer: Introduction The overall motive behind the development of this paper is getting to understand the effects of internet in the sale/purchase of products. Therefore, in this paper we will show the challenges emerging as a result of internet usage leading to risks in businesses. When risk develops managers tend to commit misstatements in financial statements to hide the companys reputation. Therefore, this paper will aim at developing ways in which an auditor can identify such risks. Usage of internet in purchase/selling of goods The usage of internet in business has paved the way for several pathway breaking innovations in daily business operations. Therefore, through internet business have been able to purchase and sell goods via a process known as e-commerce. Hence, E-commerce is perceived to be the use of electronic technology via the internet to conduct business operations (Boynton Johnson, 2006). Therefore, the internet is regarded as a good source where business can be conducted. Use f internet in purchase and sale of goods tends to have certain implications in business operations which are: The use of technology in the purchase of goods and services tends to increase the potential of small business operations reach new economic markets. Rather than the aspect of selling goods in the local market, small businesses are now able to reach the regional, national and international market which means the levels of growth and profits will increase (Cameron, 2007). The internet allows firms to develop their websites. Thus it becomes easy for customers to order online 24/7. Therefore, we could perceive that the internet provides ease advertisement of products increasing business market share. The Internet also tends to increase the productivity process of employees in daily business operation. This is viable as a result of computer programs and softwares which enhance purchase and selling of products. Hence, when purchasing and selling goods via the internet, it tends to reduce the amount of human capital that is needed in daily business operation, as the levels of efficiency among employees increases because of the availability of sufficient information. When purchasing/ selling goods via the internet there is the likelihood of insecurity issues emerging. At times online transactions tend to be risk inherent and there is no guarantee of security. Hence, shows that though there is success viability through internet usage. There is the likelihood of negative impacts emerging. We could, therefore, expect that through the internet there is the viability of effectiveness and efficiency in business or negative effects may emerge. Challenges/disadvantage of internet usage The Internet is regarded as an important tool that tends to enhance business operations. It has uniquely increased the viability of purchasing and selling goods via the online platform. Therefore, though we embrace the aspects of technology it also has certain aspects of negative disadvantages. Therefore, the risks businesses face when selling and purchasing products will be as discussed below. Firstly, when trying to sell and purchase products online, one needs adequate skills to keep check of the clients portals. Hence, this means that for a business with no adequate skills on how to run these systems, they quickly get filled up with chores and challenges as a result of the failed systems. Hence, this means that businesses will be unable to conduct their daily operations, in turn, the loss levels will escalate. Secondly, for the development of purchasing and selling portals for clients there needs to be adequate skilled personnel that can run the systems. It is noted that in such cases skilled personnel means expensive to pay for the human capital. Therefore, businesses suffer from high human capital needed so that there can be the viability of smooth running of the systems (Reding, 2007). Thirdly, the introduction of internet has eased the viability of purchase and sale of goods and services. From such a reason what becomes certain is that businesses have become productive. Hence, the increased levels of competitiveness mean that the level of competitiveness has been termed to be unfair because of internet advancement (Gay Simnett, 2012). This affects most businesses operations because they cant understand the best strategy to defeat their rivals. Lastly, when developing purchase and selling portals one requires to conduct an effective survey of the target market, hence this means that adequate planning is needed. Therefore, when businesses fail to properly plan there is the viability of failure in their business operations. Why risks develop fraud/misstatement in financial statements As outlined above businesses are vulnerable and whenever they suffer from a risk, the managers tend to fraud or embezzle the financial statements so as to make the company appear profitable which not the case. Hence, on the basis of our above discussion we could consider the fact selling and purchasing has created some opportunities. Here, if a firm has a weak internal control system, poor security over the business property or little fear exposure and likelihood of detection or there could be even unclear policies which result in unexpected behaviour (Knechel, 2007). Therefore, the creation of opportunity by the internet and firms which such weak system employees are likely to take any chance of committing fraud. From, this it is likely that there may be fraud in the accounting systems as a result of opportunities brought about by the internet. When purchasing/selling goods via the internet employees or managers may feel the need of rationalising, by rationalisation, we mean that they commit an act of fraud or misstatements convincing themselves that they have earned the money. Hence, the act of plundering amounts as rewards via the internet systems tends to affect firms discretion and loyalty. Therefore, we are likely to experience misstatements in financial statements, as a result of the development of these internet systems. When selling/ purchasing goods via the internet and conducting an audit there may be the development of inherent limitations, therefore when inherent limitation emerges as an auditor, it becomes hard to offer reasonable assurance of truth and fairness of the financial statement. In this case, auditors are unable to know if there are misstatements in the financial systems because of difficulty in knowing if the provided data is the correct (Scott Jacka, 2006). Therefore, based on the above discussion it becomes evident that selling/purchasing goods via the internet might also be a risk factor. How to identify risk/misstatements as an auditor As an auditor, the unique way of identifying fraud as indicated in above is by assessing the material misstatements through prioritisation. The ISA 315 Act states that risk identified tends to be significant as it requires special audit consideration. Therefore, in the identification of misstatement, it is just a matter of judgement as to whether the risk constituted is significant and matters such as complexity of transactions are dealt with (Leung, 2011). Therefore, whether there is the risk of fraud the participation of related parties and whether the transaction is from the outside normal course, this should be greatly considered. It is also recommended that when significant risks are identified in financial statements, there is the need of understanding the relevant control accounts activities. Hence, auditors response to the identified risk then aims at dealing with the actions that should be enhanced in relation to the misstatements identified (Louwers, 2005). On the other hand, if auditor aims at identifying misstatements through controls he must ensure that there is adequate testing and substantive procedures should be undertaken in response to the misstatements at assertion level. Another fact that auditors must consider is that of being reasonably assured. It is often recommended that when conducting an audit procedure ensures that you obtain a reasonable assurance in the financial files for the purpose of detecting fraud and misstatements in financial records (Eilifsen et al, 2014). Such an act tends to reduce instances of inherent limitations on auditors. Thus we would expect that the levels of fraud detection are high. Conclusion This paper tends to provide key insights of internet usage in the purchase/sales of products. As an auditor, the paper shows the viability that exist in internet usage and the challenges that may arise when using the internet in conduction of transactions. The paper also shows that risk develop due to internet usage and through this paper, it tends to provide auditors with the procedures that could be helpful in the identification of the risk pertained. References Messier, W. (2013).Mp auditing assurance services + acl software cd-rom: a systematic approach. [Place of publication not identified], Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Cameron, R. (2007).Modern auditing assurance services: study guide. Milton, Qld, John Wiley Sons. Scott, P. R., Jacka, J. M. (2011).Auditing social media: a governance and risk guide. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley. Boynton, W. C., Johnson, R. N. (2006).Modern auditing: assurance services and the integrity of financial reporting. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley. Knechel, W. R. (2007).Auditing: assurance risk. Mason, OH, Thomson/South-Western. Reding, K. F. (2007).Internal auditing: assurance consulting services. Altomonte Springs, Fla, Institute of Internal Auditors, Research Foundation. Gay, G. E., Simnett, R. (2012).Auditing and assurance services in Australia. North Ryde, N.S.W., McGraw-Hill Education. Leung, P. (2011).Modern auditing assurance services. Milton, Qld, John Wiley. Louwers, T. J. (2005).Auditing and assurance services. New York, McGraw-Hill. Eilifsen, A., Messier, J., William F., Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F. (2014).Auditing assurance services. London, McGraw-Hill.

Jazz Essays (1743 words) - Music, Entertainment, Jazz Genres

Jazz History of Jazz and Classical Music Upon entering a modern record store, one is confronted with a wide variety of choices in recorded music. These choices not only include a multitude of artists, but also a wide diversity of music categories. These categories run the gamut from easy listening dance music to more complex art music. On the complex side of the scale are the categories known as Jazz and Classical music. Some of the most accomplished musicians of our time have devoted themselves to a lifelong study of Jazz or Classical music, and a few exceptional musicians have actually mastered both. A comparison of classical and Jazz music will yield some interesting results and could also lead to an appreciation of the abilities needed to perform or compose these kinds of music. Let's begin with a look at the histories of the two. The music called classical, found in stores and performed regularly by symphonies around the world, spans a length of time from 1600 up to the present. This time frame includes the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic and Contemporary periods. The classical period of music actually spans a time from of 1750 to 1800; thus, the term Classical is a misnomer and could more correctly be changed to Western Art Music or European Art Music. European because most of the major composers up till the 20th century were European. Vivaldi was Italian, Bach was German, Mozart and Beethoven were Austrian; they are some of the more prominent composers. Not until the twentieth century with Gershwin and a few others do we find American composers writing this kind of art music. For the sake of convention, we can refer to Western Art Music as Classical music. Jazz is a distinctively American form of music, and it's history occupies a much smaller span of time. Its origins are found in the early 1900s as some dance band leaders in the southern U.S. began playing music that combined ragtime and blues. Early exponents of this dance music were Jelly Roll Martin (a blues player) and Scott Joplin (ragtime). The terms Jazz and Jazz Band first surfaced in the year 1900. Some say this occurred in New Orleans, although similar music was played at the same time in other places. The most prominent exponents of this early music, called Dixieland Jazz, included Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet. After World War I, Jazz music had evolved and was aided by the development of the recording industry. The small dance band ensemble grew into the larger orchestra known as the Big Band. The music of the Big Bands became known as Swing. Two of the more famous Swing band leaders were Tommy Dorsey and Harry James. In the late 40s and through the 50s, a different kind of Jazz became popular. This music, played by a very small ensemble, was much more sophisticated and complex . Its rich harmonic changes and melodic counterpoint were not conducive to dance. It became known as Bop, with Charlie Parker and Dizzie Gillespie being the early proponents. In the last twenty years there has been a combination of Jazz with popular music of the US and Latin America. This modern Jazz music has been called Fusion. Present day exponents include Pat Metheny and Chic Corea. There has also been a return to the sound of Bop in the last ten years by such musicians as trumpeter Winton Marsalis and his brother Branford, a saxophonist. Let's focus on the instrumentation of the two kinds of music. In Classical music, both large orchestras and small ensembles are used. But generally, the greatest and most prominent compositions are for the larger symphony orchestra. The largest part of the orchestra is the string section consisting of violins, violas, cellos and string basses. These instruments were invented very early in medieval times but really matured into their present form during the late 18th century. The wind instruments, comprised of brass and woodwinds, took longer to mature. The brass section in particular did not posses the ability to play chromatically (in all keys) until the advent of valves which allowed the length of the instrument to be changed while playing. This occurred around the middle to late 19th century. Consequently, the brass instruments

Formation of the Delian League in Ancient History

Formation of the Delian League in Ancient History Several Ionian cities joined together in the Delian League  for mutual protection against the Persians. They placed Athens at the head (as hegemon) because of her naval supremacy. This free confederation (symmachia) of autonomous cities, founded in 478 B.C., consisted of representatives, an admiral, and treasurers appointed by Athens. It was called the Delian League because its treasury was located at  Delos. History Formed in 478 B.C., the Delian League was an alliance of mainly coastal and Aegean city-states against Persia at a time when Greece feared Persia might attack again. Its goal was to make Persia pay and to free the Greeks under Persian dominion. The league morphed into the Athenian Empire that opposed the Spartan allies in the Peloponnesian War. After the Persian Wars, which included Xerxes invasion by land at the Battle of Thermopylae (the setting for the graphic novel-based movie ), the various Hellenic poleis (city-states) divided into opposing sides ranged around Athens and Sparta, and fought the Peloponnesian War. This enervating war was a major turning point in Greek history since in the following century, the city-states were no longer strong enough to stand up to the Macedonians under Philip and his son Alexander the Great. These Macedonians adopted one of the aims of the Delian League: to make Persia pay. Strength is what the poleis had been seeking when they turned to Athens to form the Delian League. Mutual Protection Following Hellenic victory at the Battle of Salamis, during the Persian Wars, Ionian cities joined together in the Delian League for mutual protection. The league was meant to be offensive as well as defensive: to have the same friends and enemies (typical terms for an alliance formed for this dual purpose [Larsen]), with secession forbidden. The member poleis placed Athens at the head (hegemon) because of her naval supremacy. Many of the Greek cities were annoyed with the tyrannical behavior of the Spartan commander Pausanias, who had been leader of the Greeks during the Persian War. Thucydides Book 1.96 on the formation of the Delian League 96. When the Athenians had thus gotten the command by the confederates own accord for the hatred they bare to Pausanias, they then set down an order which cities should contribute money for this war against the barbarians, and which galleys. For they pretended to repair the injuries they had suffered by laying waste the territories of the king. [2] And then first came up amongst the Athenians the office of treasurers of Greece, who were receivers of the tribute, for so they called this money contributed. And the first tribute that was taxed came to four hundred and sixty talents. The treasury was at Delos, and their meetings were kept there in the temple. Members of the Delian League In The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War (1989), author-historian Donald Kagan says the members included about 20 members from the Greek islands, 36 Ionian city-states, 35 from the Hellespont, 24 from around Caria, and 33 from around Thrace, making it primarily an organization of the Aegean islands and coast. This free confederation (symmachia) of autonomous cities, consisted of representatives, an admiral, and financial officers/treasurers (hellenotamiai) appointed by Athens. It was called the Delian League because its treasury was located at Delos. An Athenian leader, Aristides, initially assessed the allies in the Delian League 460 talents, probably annually [Rhodes] (there is some question about the amount and people assessed [Larsen]), to be paid to the treasury, either in cash or warships (triremes). This assessment is referred to as phoros that which is brought or tribute. 23.5 Hence it was Aristeides who assessed the tributes of the allied states on the first occasion, two years after the naval battle of Salamis, in the archonship of Timosthenes, and who administered the oaths to the Ionians when they swore to have the same enemies and friends, ratifying their oaths by letting the lumps of iron sink to the bottom out at sea. - Aristotle Ath. Pol. 23.5 Athenian Supremacy For 10 years, the Delian League fought to rid Thrace and the Aegean of Persian strongholds and piracy. Athens, which continued to demand financial contributions or ships from its allies, even when fighting was no longer necessary, became more and more powerful as her allies became poorer and weaker. In 454, the treasury was moved to Athens. Animosity developed, but Athens would not permit the formerly free cities to secede. The enemies of Pericles were crying out how that the commonwealth of Athens had lost its reputation and was ill-spoken of abroad for removing the common treasure of the Greeks from the isle of Delos into their own custody; and how that their fairest excuse for so doing, namely, that they took it away for fear the barbarians should seize it, and on purpose to secure it in a safe place, this Pericles had made unavailable, and how that Greece cannot but resent it as an insufferable affront, and consider herself to be tyrannized over openly, when she sees the treasure, which was contributed by her upon a necessity for the war, wantonly lavished out by us upon our city, to gild her all over, and to adorn and set her forth, as it were some vain woman, hung round with precious stones and figures and temples, which cost a world of money. Pericles, on the other hand, informed the people, that they were in no way obliged to give any account of those moneys to their allies, so long as they maintained their defense, and kept off the barbarians from attacking them. - Plutarchs Life of Pericles The Peace of Callias, in 449, between Athens and Persia, put an end to the rationale for the Delian League, since there should have been peace, but Athens by then had a taste for power and the Persians started supporting the Spartans to Athens detriment [Flower]. End of the Delian League The Delian League was broken up when Sparta captured Athens in 404. This was a terrible time for many in Athens. The victors razed the great walls linking the city to her harbor city of Piraeus; Athens lose her colonies, and most of her navy, and then submitted to the reign of the Thirty Tyrants. An Athenian league was later revived in 378-7 to protect against Spartan aggression and survived until Philip II of Macedons victory at Chaeronea (in Boeotia, where Plutarch would later be born). Terms to Know hegemonia leadership.Hellenic Greek.Hellenotamiai treasurers, Athenian financial officers.Peloponnesian League modern term for the military alliance of the Lacedaemonians and their allies.symmachia a treaty where the signers agree to fight for one another. Sources Starr, Chester G. A History of the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 1991.Kagan, Donald. The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. Cornell University Press, 2013.Holden, Hubert Ashton, Plutarchs Life of Perciles, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1895.Lewis, David Malcolm. The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 5: The Fifth Century BC., Boardman, John, Davies, J.K., Ostwald, M., Cambridge University Press, 1992.Larsen, J. A. O. â€Å"The Constitution and Original Purpose of the Delian League.† Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. 51, 1940, p. 175.Sabin, Philip, International Relations in Greece, the Hellenistic World and the Rise of Rome, Hall, Jonathan M., Van Wees, Hans, Whitby, Michael, Cambridge University Press, 2007.Flower, Michael A. From Simonides to Isocrates: The Fifth-Century Origins of Fourth-Century Panhellenism, Classical Antiquity, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Apr. 2000), pp. 65-101.

Illegal Immigration in Morocco and Libya Research Paper

Illegal Immigration in Morocco and Libya - Research Paper Example ng the stakeholders involved, effects on human rights, effects the nations of Europe and their overall economic development, and what steps can be taken to rectify these problems. Through such an examination, it is the hope of this author that the reader can come to a more informed understanding of the unique determinants of illegal immigration from North Africa and the means through which Europe can seek to counter this destabilizing influence upon its future development. It does not take a great deal of careful consideration to realize the fact that countless tens of thousands of individuals each and every year risk their lives in whatever material possessions they might have in a desperate bid to enter southern Europe by. Whereas there are many different routes through which this might be accomplished, two of the most common and utilized routes for entering Europe illegally from Africa are via the coast of Morocco and the Libyan port city of Benghazi. Furthermore, although it might be convenient to understand all forms of African immigration into Europe in terms of a generic or similar pattern, the fact of the matter is that the differential between these two ports of entry not be more stark. As a function of seeking to analyze differential to a more full and complete degree, the following analysis will engage the reader with the unique dynamics that separate these two illegal immigration terminals. Before delving headlong into an analysis between these two potential ports of illegal entry into the European Union, it is first necessary to reference the different stakeholders involved. Firstly, and most obviously, the immigrants and it would be themselves are those who were at the most risk within the situation at hand. Secondly, another of culpable stakeholders involved those individuals, games, crime syndicates, and not portions of governance within the nations in question that actively promote and encourage this traffic as a means of enriching themselves.

Analysis of Virginia Woolf Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Virginia Woolf Essay The essay â€Å"In search of a Room of One’s Own† by Virginia Woolf starts out by asking a simple question, what were the living conditions of women in England, in the time of Elizabeth? The author wants to understand why no woman had written any literature, unlike a man who was capable of a song or sonnet. It was as if the life of a woman was fiction. We must first start out by understanding how women were viewed in the public’s eye and then understand how they could not have been as smart as men; or could they? The author uses expressive and mimetic elements throughout the essay to support her argument. Young girls had their husbands chosen for them when they are still young by her parents. Any girl who refused to marry the man that was chosen for them was liable to be locked up and beaten without it even being looked upon as bad in the public’s eyes. Marriage was not about personal feelings; it was at the convenience of the family. Mostly taking place in the upper class societies, women were allowed to be beaten by their husbands. It was a recognized right and practiced without shame. Eventually women of upper and middle class were allowed the right to decide their husbands. When they had chosen their husband, he would become the lord and master over her. Plainly saying she was his property. Women were not wanted if they had any personality or character. This is referring to Shakespeare’s women, who were lacking of both. This is why women have no real existence saved in the fiction written by men. The author disagrees with this way of thinking; women are much more than that, â€Å"†¦ one would imagine her a person of the utmost importance; very various; heroic and mean; splendid and sordid; infinitely beautiful and hideous in the extreme; as great as a man, some think even greater† (Woolf 383). This is the author’s way of expressing that men and women think differently about the women’s role in life. Although men saw woman as a piece of property with no real value, they really are more than that. A woman is everything and nothing at the same time. A woman is of the highest importance and completely insignificant. She pervades poetry and is basically absent from history. She is a slave to any man whose parents forced her to marry. Some of the most inspired words, some of the most profound thoughts in literature fall from her lips; in real life she could hardly read, could scarcely spell, and was the property of her husband†(Woolf 383). The reality of how things were for women in this era was how a man said they were. There were plenty of women in this time that had preceded the notion of what men thought. For instance Cleopatra, Lady Macbeth, and Rosalind were strong willed women who did not follow the fictional depiction of what men said they were. Throughout history, a woman is only mentioned here and there, and normally they are all queens or great ladies. Women had the brains and character to be just as great as their male counterparts, but they would never receive a chance. A middle-class woman would never be mentioned, because of her oppression by man. According to historians, she was not allowed to write about her life or keep a diary. This leaves nothing to judge her by. Out of the many men that were all great writers, artists, and inventors only a handful of extraordinary woman do we know of equal caliber. The author is expressing emotional despair for the average woman. Her passion would be suppressed and forever unfulfilled. The author starts asking why is there nothing known about women before the eighteenth century? How can there be no such poetry produced by a woman. According to men, â€Å" it was impossible for any woman, past, present, or to come, to have the genius of Shakespeare† (Woolf 385). A stroke of genius like this would drive a woman insane and they would kill themselves. Genius like this is not something you are born with. It comes from the proper education and training. Things like this were not allowed for women. A highly gifted girl who had tried to use her gift for poetry would have been hated and punished by other people. â€Å"†¦so tortured and pulled asunder by her own contrary instincts, that she must have lost her health and sanity to a certainty† (Woolf 388). This is expressing how a smart woman will be so hated and revered that they will not have a chance for a normal life. Even if they were able to survive and actually write some poetry, it would have been twisted and deformed, coming from a strained and morbid imagination. If there was work from a woman it would have been published in a man’s name. This was the only way for a woman to get published. The women who did get published under a man’s name were still looked upon as distasteful. â€Å"Thus they did homage to the convention, which if not implanted by the other sex was liberally encouraged by them (the chief glory of a woman is not to be talked of, said Pericles, himself a much-talked-of man), that publicity in women is detestable† (p. 389). This means that women are nothing compared to men. Women do not care as much about fame as men do. What is most important is to be heard not seen. If a woman was born in the sixteenth century with a gift of poetry, their life would be unhappy and they would strife against themselves. The conditions of her life and her own instincts are what set her up for her ultimate demise. Nothing is to be expected intellectually from a woman. Any girl can read, but this lowered her vitality, and said wonders about her work. â€Å"There would always have been that assertion – you cannot do this, you are incapable of doing that – to protest against, to overcome† (Woolf 392). The author expresses how again the women are repressed and told what and how to think. Women were not encouraged to be or do anything with their lives. They were told how to think and act. They were tortured, snubbed, slapped, lectured, and exhorted. Her mind was strained and her vitality was lowered by the need of opposing and disproving stuff. The woman is inferior and the man is superior. The author uses different expressive ideas to help the audience understand the oppression against women in the eighteenth century. To make the audience feel as oppressed as the women did. Thought out the years there has been women poets and writers, but because of the oppression from the men, they used a man’s name to be able to get their point across. Any genius should be looked upon as a gift, not torn apart because it was from a woman. In conclusion, Virginia Woolf argues a strong point on how women were treated unjust and as if they were property of a man. She expresses her ideas in a clear way using vivid descriptive language that sets the audience into her state of mind. The argument is so strong; it makes the reader feel pity for the women of that era. Makes them want to stand up and take charge of their own lives.

The Cherry Orchard :: essays research papers

In drama â€Å" The Cherry Orchard† , Lopakhin and Madame Ranevsky are clashing individuals, who are not to be judged as either good or bad. Both characters are human, having honorable traits. Lopakhin and Madame Ranevsky's characters are incompatible in the other's mind. Madame Ravensky is a member of the falling aristocracy who is a lost romantic trapped in a fantasy world on the orchard while forgetting her troubles in the "real" world. Lopakhin is a money driven, sometimes vulgar, and socially rising individual. Lopakhin is trying to make a future by overcoming his past, but remains genuine and practical in his offering help. The orchard is a focal piece in the play, hence the name "The Cherry Orchard." The orchard is to be sold in a month after Madame Ravensky's arrival. Lopakhin believes that the only way the orchard estate can be saved is by chopping down the cherry trees and breaking up the property, which he intends to do if he buys the orchard. Madame Ravensky would rather the orchard be lost completely than changed from how it will remain in her memories forever. The orchard haunts Madame Ravensky. The orchard is where her son died, which is the saddest thing in her life, but at the same time the orchard was where Madame Ravensky grew up. She remembers all the innocence she had at the orchard, and the orchard would not be the same if it changed. No one can bring back the orchard in her family and she won't save it because the orchard is merely a memory. She is dropping in class as seen in her fifth floor apartment, but will still put on a pitying facade shown by her tipping a rupel. She seems ignorant, yet confident in her impracticality, because she loves the orchard so much but does not want to save it. This is true because Madame Ravensky may not want to save it. Her son died on the orchard as well as the orchard is where she used to live prosperously and like a little girl in her innocence and no worries. It is conceivable that she may not want to save the orchard and just keep it in her memories as she moves back to France excepting her fall in society but still living, acting wealthy. She the orchard reminds Madame Ravensky of the romantic times of her life and wants to hold onto them one last time.

Critique Article: Breast Feeding Essay

Breast feeding has been known from ages past to be an incomparable method of providing the best food for the healthy development and growth of new born babies. It also has a distinctive emotional, psychological and biological impact on both the mother and baby. Breast feeding is less expensive and has been traced to help in decreasing the risk of infection ,asthma,obesity,type 1 & 2 diabetes, leukemia, SIDs, necrotizing enterocolities (NEC), mortality and morbidity rate in children . In mothers breastfeeding can help in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, postpartum depression, ovarian, breast and other forms of cancer. Regardless of all the benefits of breast feeding, the rate and duration has been consistently low worldwide due to some cultural, economic, social and professional reasons (WHO, 2013). Problem Statement The author noted a clinical problem in Lebanon, which is increase mortality and morbidity rate as high as 27/1000 births. The death that occurs in children under the age of 5 is associated with poor nutrition and health status of mother and babies. The breastfeeding initiation rate has been inadequately low and varies between 63. 8% and 96% . Mother who exclusively breasted for less than one month were 58. 3% and 6 months old infant were 10. 1% – 4. 1% and only about 27. 1% breastfed for one year. More importantly the author noted that there was no government organization to promote and support breastfeeding mothers, and postpartum mothers are only entitled to forty (40) days maternity leave. The author attributed a lot of predisposing factors to the low prevalence and duration of breast feeding, giving birth by caesarian section, low socio-economic status, religion of parents, and having a pediatrician who is a male. Some hospital practices like separation of babies from mothers, introduction of formula, water, sucrose at birth instead of breast milk. Most mothers look at breastfeeding as torture to be tolerated for the sake of their newborn baby. Possibly, if mothers are aware of the benefits of breast feeding for their own health, they will be less ikely to leave when they run into problems. The author noted that all these factors have been previously cross-sectioned except exploring mother’s experiences or perception towards breastfeeding. Purpose of this Study The purpose of this study is to use qualitative method to identify barriers, promote and support breast feeding among Lebanon women, and explore their perception and experience during breastfeeding. Another purpose was to encourage health workers to provide proper information and also have a good understanding of management of breastfeeding. Some of the question that was design to be answer was ‘Tell me about your previous experiences with breast feeding? Tell me what motivated you to want to breast feed? Tell me about your perception on breastfeeding your baby? Tell me how long you intend to breast feed? The research questions were answered by the participants during the interview and they were related to the purpose of the study (Nabulsi, M. , 2011). Literature Review This research study was approved by the â€Å"Institutional Review Board at AUBMC, and hospital administrators of HDF and SGH†. The author conducted this research using qualitative method to explore postpartum mother’s experience; feelings and perception about breast feeding. The participants were recruited using theoretical sampling in the three different hospitals and they all had a full term delivery of healthy babies. The first interview was done by the researcher using focus group discussion with 5 open-ended questions between November and December 2007. The second section was conducted by the researcher with 10 postpartum mothers who were shared into group of 3 to 4 in each group. This interview was done in â€Å"Arabic† language for about 60 to 90 minutes and it was recorded in tape and was transcribed. The second stage was done with in-depth interview with 36 mothers between January and May 2008 with 12 members from AUBMC, 10 from HDF, and 14 from SGH. The researcher followed them up for up to one year or until breastfeeding was stopped. Reference point interviews were done with each of the participants for about 30 to 60 minutes which were recorded and audio-tape before they were discharge from the hospital. The follow-up interviews were done by telephone and face to face in the participants home every month for the first 6 months, then once every other month for another 6 months at each time the interview lasted for about 10 to 30 minutes. These follow up were done to discover breastfeeding barriers, mother’s experiences, perception, feelings and natural factors that may interfere with their decision to successfully breastfeed. They were all asked about their current status with breast-feeding and the reason for still breastfeeding or stopping if they did. According to the author in spite of their knowledge of breast feeding benefits, most of the participants also expressed some personal fear of excessive weight gain, change in shape of their breast, cultural belief that their milk is bad or could cause harm to the baby, breast feeding is so tiring and exhausting, pain, not enough breast milk, infant constantly crying, sleep deprivation. The author concluded that negative experiences during breast feeding seemed to have a significant impact on mother’s decision to stop breastfeeding( Nabulsi, M. , 2011). The author cited about 22 relevant journal articles and literature review and only about three were less than five years which is very normal in a qualitative research. There was no adequate information in the literature review to build a logical augment and no weakness was indicated during the study. The perspective from which the study was developed is from the women of Lebanon who were consistently experiencing low breast feeding rate and the author did not use grounded theory qualitative inquiry, and no diagram or framework was developed from this study. In conclusion breast feeding is still the most natural and acceptable food for babies worldwide. Making an attempt to increase the initiation and duration of breast feeding without significant change in the feelings and perception of mothers towards breast feeding may result in more mothers having negative experiences and consequently reduces the rate of breastfeeding. There will be great need for health professional to prepare pregnant mothers on how to successfully breastfeed and this will help improve their confidence and willpower (McInnes, R. Chambers, J. , 2008). More education will need to be done with certain population including low-income mothers, ethnic and cultural group and educating nurses and doctors in breastfeeding management. Finally there will be need to develop government policies and program that will assist mothers that are breastfeeding, extending postpartum leave, providing child care at work places for mothers. However in Lebanon further research is required to assess the efficiency of future interventions in regards to breast feeding.

Film and Communism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3094 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Communism Essay Did you like this example? The Cold War, a period mostly remembered for the constant threat of an arms race, nuclear inhalation, hysteria, quasi-wars, diplomatic stalemates, and the seemingly never ending fear of communism. Spanning nearly half of the twentieth century, 1946 to 1991, the Cold War has changed the way of life for everyone. Starting from the rise of the Bolsheviks and the USSRs hold of Eastern Europe, the Cold War had impacted American life to a great extent. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Film and Communism" essay for you Create order Though mentions of diplomatic policies influence on the perception and beliefs of American life have been widely written and talked about, no such conversation exists for domestic medias influence. One forum of media that had taken America by storm in the early twentieth century was film. Though rarely talked about, film had an influence on peoples thoughts during the cold war and also can be seen as a reflection on public opinion during the time. However, to what extent the films of the 1950s and early 1960s reflected and influenced the opinions of the American public is a question rarely asked and or answered; and in this paper this is the question that is to be explored. One of the most remembered and recounted events of the Cold War, from the American view, is the Communist hysteria that swept the nation. When one thinks of the Cold War, the infamous communist hysteria and McCarthy trials are soon to follow. Since the Bolsheviks took control of Russia and formed the USSR, communist fear was on the rise in the US. The First Red Scare immediately followed the fall of Czar Russian era and the end of the First World War. The scare consisted mostly of anti-immigration sentimentals towards Southern and Eastern European immigrants. The fear of communism eventually led to the passage of the Johnson-Reed Act of 1924, which lowered the influx of immigrants. By the end of the Second World War, this fear intensified. The idea of communists among regular citizens started to go widely out of control and this growing fear was further intensified by senator Joseph McCarthy. Though the film and entertainment industry was targeted by McCarthy, they themselves wanted to distance themselves from communism. Film was a new form of popular entertainment and art in the early twentieth century. Due to this there was a huge demand for films and movies from the public. The demand created large amounts of revenue and created very strong capitalist industry in its purest sense. The film producers and companies had total control of what they made and whatever they made, made money. Naturally, film producers and executives were opposed to communist philosophy. Eight major studios controlled over 90 percent of the films made and distributed in the United States. The executiveswere hostile to communism, owing to political conviction and economic self-interest, not because they felt beholden to officialdom. Men like Louis B. Mayer at MGM and Joseph Schenck at Twentieth Century-Fox instinctively equated patriotism with capitalism (Shaw Youngblood., Cinematic Cold War : The American and Soviet Struggle for Hearts and Minds , 2010) This act of a pro American view in films was further enhanced by the increasing government surveillance of the film industry, due to the fact the film was seen as a possible propaganda tool for communists. Then FBI Director, Hoover, testified in front of the HUAC in reference to the film industry, the entire industry faces serious embarrassment because it could become a springboard for communist activities. Communist activities in Hollywood is effective and is furthered by communists and sympathizers using the prestige of prominent persons to serve, often unwittingly, the communists cause. The party is content and highly pleased if it is possible to have inserted in a picture a line, a scene, a sequence, conveying the communist lesson, and more particularly, if they can keep out anti-communist lessons (Hoover, 1947). Thus complied with self-interest, preservation, and fear more pro-American and anticommunist features were created in an attempt to sway the American people. Following the end of World War II, a new ideological dichotomy engulfed the entire world. The emergence of the Cold War could be seen at every corner of the globe, and also every facet of American life. Anti-communism became a national ideology, and for many, an obsession. In the early years of the Cold War paranoia reigned supreme. Men like Joseph McCarthy initiated witch hunts in order to root out the communist threat that had supposedly embedded themselves in American society. Any semblance of a connection to communism, no matter the circumstances, essentially doomed you in front of the eyes of the House Un-American Activities Committee. The greatest fear was that communists infiltrated American institutions. One institution that drew much attention, especially in the late 1940s and early 1950s, was Hollywood. J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI at the time, testified in front of the HUAC in regards to Hollywoods communist problem. The Communists have developed one of the greates t propaganda machines the world has ever known. They have been able to penetrate and infiltrate many respectable and reputable public opinion mediums Communist activity in Hollywood is effective and is furthered by Communists and sympathizers using the prestige of prominent persons to serve, often unwittingly, the Communist cause. Oddly, this growing concern came after the most successful year Hollywood had to date. Hollywood and its influence grew, yet so did its worries. The HUAC formed the Blacklist that sought to purge the industry of communists and their sympathizers. Hollywoods adoption of the anti-communist rhetoric was not wholly due to pressure from Washington. Many of the decision makers in the industry saw the adoption as a necessity in order for Hollywood to survive. (A means of survival for the industry?). Following the Blacklist, anti-communist themes began to appear in films across a multitude of genres. The films varied in the prevalence of their anti-communist rhetoric. Some films were blatant propaganda films. Works like Walk East on Beacon! (1952), which J. Edgar Hoover was given a writing credit for, and Big Jim McClain (1952) blared their anti-communist sentiments. Other filmmakers, like Cecil B. Demille, sought to present their ideology in a more subtle fashion. Many different genres incorporated anti-communism into their films. The growing genre of science fiction made the public leery of science experiments. Westerns warn viewers of an encroaching threat that must be stopped. The enormous religious epics, from men like Demille, tapped into the religious aspect of the ideological difference between America and the U.S.S.R. The theme of anti-communism was apparent throughout hundreds of films following the HUAC hearings regarding communism in Hollywood, and was primarily brought about by Hollywood itself. Leading up to 1947, the HUAC was becoming increasingly concerned with the growing influence of Hollywood and cinema. Films like Mission to Moscow (1943) and Song of Russia (1944) concerned the HUAC. The two big studios, MGM and Warner, appeared to produce pro-communist propaganda. In 1946 Hollywood saw their highest revenue yet, making around $1.7 billion with over 4 billion admissions. Seeing the steady increase in revenue, the HUAC knew that such an influential institution was a prime target for communist infiltration. This culminated in a nineday hearing to assess the communist threat in Hollywood. The Blacklist was created, and the Waldorf Statement was issued by Hollywood declaring that executives would comply with the blacklist. By 1960, the Blacklist contained over two thousand names, and ruined a multitude of careers.The film industry has tried to avoid external censorship. In 1934 The House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce looked establishing a federal censorship board. Hollywood instituted The Motion Picture Code in the 1930s as an internal form of self-censorship to appease the government and avoid external regulation. Many of the rules denounce showing ev il in a positive light. I. No picture should lower the moral standards of those who see it. This is done: when evil is made to appear attractive, and good is made to appear unattractive. In accordance with the general principles laid down. No plot or theme should definitely side with evil and against good. The HUAC would bring many of these rules up years later during their inquiry into Hollywood. The film industry had other reasons to insert anticommunist themes in their works besides government pressure. Even though 1946 was a record year for Hollywood, they still worried about their future profits. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. ended the ownership of theaters and exclusive holding rights by the movie studios. This made studios fearful of drastic cuts in their profits. Other factors made the studios fear for their profits. Television became a mainstay with full-scale commercial broadcasting beginning in 1947, and by 1955 half of all households owned one. Television was also affected by McCarthys witch hunts, however. Another issue was that many European countries in 1947 began raising taxes on foreign films. England imposed a 75% customs duty on all incoming films, which lost the studios millions. With the pressures from T.V., along with increasing cost of production, increase of foreign taxes, and labor issues, Hollywood feared collapse or significant harm to th eir industry. In order to attract more viewers, Hollywood sought to embrace the publics fear of the communist threat. They knew that addressing the Cold War, whether directly or in more subtle fashions, would put more people in the seats. Exposing the public to this sort of confirmation bias would not only increase revenue, but also appease Washington at the same time. Darryl Zanuck, head of production at Twentieth CenturyFox, said If you have something worthwhile to say, dress it in glittering robes of entertainment and you will find a ready market without entertainment no propaganda film is worth a dime. Zanuck knew that the public wanted to be entertained; that is why that is why Hollywood had over four billion admittees three years later. Zanuck knew that these propaganda films would be nowhere near as effective without Hollywoods touch. The direct propaganda films were the simplest and most blatant forms of anticommunism in the industry. Walk East on Beacon, directed by Louis de Rochemont and adapted from a Readers Digest article written by J. Edgar Hoover himself, was a detective film that sought to directly address Soviet subversion. It tells the story of a federal agent tracking down leaked atomic secrets and bringing light to the communist subversion. Of course this film has a very positive view of the FBI, and is trying to convey to the audience that they should trust the FBI to keep them safe from the communist subversion. This movie is about as good as one would assume a movie in which J. Edgar Hoover has a writing credit would be. Only receiving a 33% on Rotten Tomatoes, the film is not great, but it is very apparent in its goal. Westerns became a great voice for Hollywoods anticommunist sentiments directed at the public. John Ford was one of the most highly regarded western film directors who included his anti-communist views in his work. Ford was a very accomplished director winning seven out of twelve Academy Awards. His name was often associated with the greatest movie cowboy of all time: John Wayne. Wayne, who was brought in by the HUAC during their investigation of Hollywood and was the co-founder of the Anti-Communist Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, was a cold warrior who did his part by starring in these westerns pregnant with anti-communism. the growing defeatist attitude in the Cold War imposed on us by the Soviet [Union], and consequently needed to apprecia te the struggle our ancestors made for the precious freedom we enjoy. Wayne starred in Big Jim McClain; Big Jim McClain, a simple film that does not try to hide its anti-communist sentiments. In the film, Wayne plays HUAC investigator who saves Hawaii from communist subversion. He worked with John Ford on eighteen films. She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949), being one of the Wayne and Ford collaborations, exudes the ardent anti-communist sentiments in a more nonchalant manner. In the opening scene a group of Indians are shown riding while narration plays over it. The narrator speaks of the threat the unification of red people everywhere poses to America, and how if they are not stopped soon, they will take centuries to defeat. Anti-communism undertones were very apparent in the narration of the opening scene, but it was not wholly spelled out, leaving some connections for the audience to make. More anti-communist westerns would arise in the late 1950s and early 1960s including The Magnificent Seven (1960) and John Waynes directing debut, The Alamo (1960). Science Fiction was a growing genre in the 1950s and was wholly affected by anti-communism. The sci-fi movies being produced in the late 1940s and 1950s were generally B grade films that could be churned out because of low budget costs. Due to the sheer number of sci-fi movies being produced they were the perfect vessel for anti-communism, but in more subtle ways than films like Walk East on Beacon or Big Jim McClain. Films like Them! (1954) taught the public to be weary of atomic power. The m! is about ants that became mutated by atomic tests in New Mexico. This radiation exposure makes the ants giant, and they begin to wreak havoc on society; they are eventually stopped by the brave military men. The American public already feared the power of the atomic age, and this only reinforced their fear. Kids hiding under their desks during fallout drills began to fear the threat of giant mutated creatures coming for them more than they feared the actual bomb. Them! also shows the public that their military is there to protect them from this new atomic threat. Films like Them! successfully play off the fears of the unknown nature of the atomic era. Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) is a prime example of science fiction making commentary on ideology. It tells the story of a small town doctor who begins to see paranoia running high in his town due to the people of the town being replaced by imposters. Just in the opening scenes one can easily see the similarities to the Red Scare, with paranoia running high and people concerned that their family or friends are communists. The main character, Dr. Miles Bennell, discovers the people of his town are being replaced by imposters that are coming from the pods found all over town. Invasion of the Body Snatchers exudes familiar characteristics that are common during the Red Scare of the 1950s, conformity, paranoia, and alienation. Conformity, as shown in the movie as accepting the pod people, was an important ideal during this time. The U.S. spoke of conformity against communism, urging citizens to report anything suspicious and to display Americanism and capitalism. Excessive confor mity, as in the 1950s, was a salve to smooth over obvious conflict and turmoil Bennells paranoia while telling his story to others captivates the paranoia that drove the McCarthy witch-hunts and is what the government used to keep their citizens ever vigilant against communism. In the closing scene of the film Bennells psychiatrist, who put his story off as the ramblings of a crazy man, sees one of the aforementioned pods and calls the FBI. Like in Walk East on Beacon or Them! this affirms the publics dependence on institutions such as the FBI and the military, and the message of if you see something call it in. Just looking at the movie poster for the movie indicates an undertone of communism. The background is washed with red and yellow with a hand coming out as if to snatch Bennell from the foreground of the poster. Something like this is subtle, but still conveys the message. One of the most ardent anti-communists in Hollywood was Cecil B Demille. He created biblical epics such as Ben Hurr (1959) and The Ten Commandments (1956). Demille, like many directors such as John Ford, mobilized the past for political use in the present. Biblical tales were often used in not only Demilles films but also in films like Samson and Deliliah (1949) and The Prodigal (1955) to make political statements. Many saw the Cold War as more than merely a political disagreement; they saw it in terms of religious context also. This can hardly be a coincidence. Many people, including some in Hollywood, believe that the Cold War is fundamentally a conflict between Christianity and atheism and that religion is therefore a strong weapon against Communism. Whether the pictures dealing with these three subjects are deliberate propaganda, or not, they belong to the same, easily recognizable, pattern of ideas The best propaganda, of course, is indirect, hardly noticeable. How many of us, I wonder, have not been taken in by any of it.17 Demille, being the son of a Protestant minister, he saw the importance of religion in the battle against communism. His greatest contribution to this was The Ten Commandments, the historical account of Moses exodus from Egypt. The theme of the film being whether men are to be ruled by Gods law, or whether they are to be ruled by the whims of a dictator like Ramses. One could replace Ramses name with Stalin in that statement and tell someone that this was a quote from Joseph McCarthy, and they would most likely be none the wiser. Demille clearly meant for Charlton Hestons Moses to be an allegory for America leading the rest of the world to freedom from the tyranny of the allegorical Egypt. Demille opens the film by walking on screen and asking, are men property of the state? Or are they free souls under God? This same battle continues throughout the world today. Demilles biblical epic won six out of the seven Academy Awards it was nominated for and is now seen as a classic. Most versions shown today have edited out Demilles questioning prelude to the film. Over time, as the Cold War cooled down, films became less subtle about their anti-communist sentiments, especially with the rise of action movies in the 1970s and 1980s. Movies like Rocky IV and Red Dawn pit America directly against the Soviets in more non-traditional settings unlike the direc t propaganda movies of the 1940s and 1950s. This history of anti-communism could possibly be blamed for all of the Russian villains in modern cinema. The popularity of film only continued to rise, and with it came a rise in public influence. Whether it was direct propaganda in frankly poor movies, like in Walk East on Beacon, or more subtle themes of the times in highly revered classics, like The Invasion of the Body Snatchers, anti-communism was very apparent throughout American film and was consumed by millions of viewers.